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The Shahanshahs of the Sasanian Empire or "the King of Kings of the Sasanian Empire" ruled over a vast majority of land. At its height, the empire spanned from Turkey in the west to Pakistan in the east, and also included territory in contemporary Caucasus, Yemen, UAE, Oman, Egypt, Israel, Lebanon, Jordan and Central Asia. The Sasanian Empire was recognized as one of the main powers in the world alongside its neighboring arch rival, the Roman-Byzantine Empire, for a period of more than 400 years.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Islamic World )〕〔Norman A. Stillman ''The Jews of Arab Lands'' pp 22 Jewish Publication Society, 1979 ISBN 0827611552〕〔International Congress of Byzantine Studies ''Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies, London, 21–26 August 2006, Volumes 1-3'' pp 29. Ashgate Pub Co, 30 sep. 2006 ISBN 075465740X〕 The Sasanian dynasty began with Ardashir I in 224, who was a Persian from Estakhr, and was descended from the Achaemenid Kings, and ended with Yazdegerd III in 651. The downfall of the Sasanian Empire proved of great significance and effects to Zoroastrianism, the state religion of the Sasanian Empire. The previous Zoroastrian shahanshahs were replaced with Muslim Caliphs who forced the Zoroastrians and their faith to endure harsh conditions, including the destruction of fire temples throughout the previous Sasanian Empire and marginalization of the faith. ==Sasanian state organization== (詳細はMiddle Persian: ''šāhān šāh Ērān''; En. Shahanshahs, New Persian: شاهنشاه ایران) is the Persian term for "King of Kings." was used from the time of its establishment by Ardashir. The term "king of kings of Iran" appears in Sasanian documents. In Kabe Zartosht inscription of Shapur I the Great the titles are chosen in a precise manner. In that Shapur names four of his Sasanian predecessors with different titles and in "an ascending order of importance" by giving the title (''Xwaday'') "the lord" to Sasan, "the king" to Papag, "the King of kings of Iran" to Ardashir, and "king of kings of Iran and non-Iran" to himself.〔, page 116.〕 Throughout its existence, the Sassanid Empire was an absolute monarchy. The Shahenshah was the height of authority, with satraps ruling over their satrapies underneath them. The shahanshah was the highest form of authority throughout the empire, but often faced rebellions from their satraps. In fact, the Sasanian Empire had been founded when a satrap rebelled against the Parthian Empire. The Sasanian Empire reached its greatest extent under Khosrau II, who reigned for 38 years; the longest reigning king was Shapur II, who reigned for 70 years. The Sasanian kings regarded themselves as successors of the Achaemenid Empire, and many Sasanian kings' goal was to conquer all territory previously held by the Achaemenids. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of shahanshahs of the Sasanian Empire」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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